The term "spectrum disorders" is used to refer to the wide range of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and include: Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), childhood disintegrative disorder, and Rett Syndrome. These disorders are characterized by social impairment, repetitive behaviors, and/or communication difficulties. Oftentimes, parents are the first to notice their child's unusual behaviors, particularly when comparing them to other children their age. Typically, children can be diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as early as two years of age, though some cases may vary and a later diagnosis is recommended.

It has not been proven that one specific treatment alone can treat an individual with an ASD. Thus, a variety of treatments is recommended in order to provide the client with as many resources as possible to ensure optimum results. Treatment for individuals with an ASD may include individual counseling in which the creative arts may be used as a therapeutic modality. Other treatment techniques may involve the use of an applied behavior analyst (ABA) to teach the client to speak and play (for example) by reinforcing positive behavior while reducing less desirable behaviors. School-based programs help keep the client in a regular routine, which can lessen the amount of distress in his/her life. In some cases, alternative methods such as homeopathy, acupuncture, or massage are recommended. Whatever the case may be, it is important to consult with a physician (or two!) about the best route to help a person living with an ASD.

Those with an ASD are not the only ones affected by it; many people around them have changed their lifestyles and schedules in order to provide this person with as many tools as possible to help them reach recovery. Support groups led by a trained clinician are a great way in which those with an ASD affected friend or relative can gather new information, discuss their feelings, and talk with like-minded people in a safe environment. Sometimes simply knowing that you are not alone is half the battle!